Cost Analysis of Construction and Maintenance of Asphalt and Concrete Pavement on Siwalanpanji–Kemiri Road with 20- and 40-Year Design Lives

Abstract

The Siwalanpanji–Kemiri road in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia, is undergoing a functional transformation from a local residential street into a critical industrial corridor. This transition demands robust pavement structures capable of supporting high traffic volumes and heavy vehicle loads. This study aims to analyze and compare the total construction and maintenance costs of flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavement types for two design service lives—20 years and 40 years—using the Indonesian 2024 Manual for Pavement Design (MDPJ). The analysis incorporates key input parameters including average daily traffic (ADT), subgrade CBR values, and pavement structural requirements based on projected traffic loads. The findings reveal that for a 20-year design life, asphalt pavement requires a total cost of IDR 6,189,881,462, whereas concrete pavement requires only IDR 3,806,362,406. For a 40-year design life, the total cost rises to IDR 10,699,000,396 for asphalt and IDR 7,193,356,701 for concrete. These results indicate that concrete pavement offers a cost saving of IDR 2.38 billion for a 20-year life and IDR 3.5 billion for a 40-year life compared to asphalt. The economic advantage of concrete is primarily attributed to its longer structural durability and lower maintenance frequency over time. This study concludes that concrete pavement is a more cost-effective and sustainable solution for industrial roadways with long service life requirements and high axle load demands. The results provide a practical reference for infrastructure planners and policymakers in selecting optimal pavement types based on long-term economic considerations in industrial and high-traffic regions.