Cost Estimation Analysis of Construction and Periodic Maintenance for Flexible and Rigid Pavement Structures on Tulangan–Kludan Road, Sidoarjo

Abstract

The increasing volume of heavy vehicle traffic in the industrial corridor of Tulangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, has led to significant structural damage on existing road infrastructure. This study aims to estimate and compare the construction and periodic maintenance costs of flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavement types using the 2024 Manual for Pavement Design (MDPJ). Two design service lives are considered: 20 years and 40 years. Key parameters such as average daily traffic (ADT), vehicle axle load distributions, subgrade CBR values, and pavement layer structures were used as input data for the analysis. The results show that for a 20-year design life, the total estimated cost for flexible pavement construction and maintenance is IDR 11,682,139,550.00, while rigid pavement requires only IDR 5,801,488,318.52. For a 40-year design life, the cost for flexible pavement increases significantly to IDR 25,314,961,074.00, whereas rigid pavement costs only IDR 7,468,372,401.44. These findings indicate that rigid pavement offers a cost-saving of up to IDR 17,846,588,672.56 over flexible pavement in the long term, largely due to its lower maintenance frequency and higher structural durability. This study highlights the importance of incorporating life-cycle cost analysis in pavement type selection, especially in industrial zones with high traffic intensity. Rigid pavement proves to be a more economically sustainable option for long-term infrastructure planning in such environments. The outcomes are expected to serve as a valuable reference for policymakers and civil engineers involved in road development and rehabilitation projects.