Comparative Analysis of ESA5 and JSKN for Pavement Design over 20- and 40-Year Lifespan on Kyai H. Ahmad Dahlan Road, Pasuruan City, Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the long-term impact of traffic loads on pavement structures through the analysis of Equivalent Standard Axle Load to the fifth power (ESA5) and the Number of Commercial Vehicle Axles (JSKN). The study is conducted on Kyai H. Ahmad Dahlan Road in Pasuruan City, Indonesia, a strategic urban corridor characterized by high economic and logistical activity. Two design life scenarios—20 years and 40 years—are considered to assess the structural adequacy of both flexible and rigid pavement systems. Traffic load calculations are based on the 2024 Indonesian Pavement Design Manual (MDPJ 2024), taking into account traffic growth rates, axle load equivalency factors, and lane distribution coefficients. ESA5 and JSKN values are projected for both planning horizons to estimate cumulative loading and determine the appropriate pavement layer thickness. The analysis reveals a substantial increase in traffic load projections: ESA5 increases from 35,281,489 to 115,975,081, and JSKN rises from 29,155,119 to 103,618,110 axles. These findings underscore the need for stronger and more durable pavement structures. The results serve as a critical basis for selecting economically efficient and longlasting pavement types, particularly in urban areas with diverse traffic intensities. This study offers valuable technical insights for infrastructure planners and engineers in optimizing pavement design for extended service life. Understanding the implications of ESA5 and JSKN over longer design periods enables more informed decision-making that aligns pavement strategies with budget limitations, traffic demand, and sustainability objectives in road infrastructure development.