Perlindungan Terhadap Supporter Sepak Bola Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Studi Kasus Tragedi Kanjuruhan

Abstract

This article aims to analyze supporter protection mechanisms from a human rights perspective with a special focus on the incident at the Kanjuruhan stadium, Malang. Factors leading to the tragedy, identifying management and safety errors, and evaluating the long-term impact on the football community and local society. The research method used is quantitative analysis with a case study approach. Data was obtained through literature and journal reviews. The research results showed that there was negligence in implementing security standards, the use of excessive force by security forces, and a lack of quick response in handling emergency situations, which resulted in many fatalities and injuries. From a human rights perspective, this incident represents a violation of the right to life, the right to personal security, and the right to be free from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. From a psychological perspective, many victims and eyewitnesses experienced prolonged trauma. Socially, this incident caused a loss of public trust in the management of football matches and stadium security. This tragedy also triggered a major evaluation and reform in stadium security procedures throughout Indonesia.