REGULASI PRAKTIK DAN DINAMIKA MULTI LEVEL MARKETING PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract

Multilevel Marketing (MLM) has been rapidly growing in Indonesia, with around 1,500 companies operating in the sector. MLM utilizes a tiered distribution network where customers also act as sales representatives. Although MLM contributes to the economy, illegal practices often pose significant issues. This study aims to analyze MLM practices from an Islamic legal perspective, assessing their alignment with the principles of justice, balance, and ease within Islamic law. The research findings indicate that MLM is a tiered marketing system involving =consumers as direct distributors. This system allows individuals to earn income through product sales and commissions from recruiting new distributors. Advantages of MLM include reduced distribution and promotional costs, while challenges involve risks related to pyramid structures and distributor success. As a form of entrepreneurship, MLM plays a crucial role in reducing unemployment and poverty. Despite government and private sector support for independent business development, challenges such as limited capital and knowledge persist. MLM provides flexibility and additional opportunities for students and others seeking extra income. In Indonesia, MLM is often deemed illegal due to its resemblance to pyramid schemes, which emphasize recruiting new members over selling products. The government has implemented strict regulations to protect consumers and prevent fraudulent practices, including the Consumer Protection Law, the Financial Services Authority, and Trade Minister Regulations. Under Islamic law, MLM is permitted if it meets Sharia requirements: transactions must be transparent, free from coercion, with halal products and fair prices. MLM is considered valid if its products and bonus systems do not violate Sharia principles such as riba (interest), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and zhulm (injustice). Fatwas from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Sharia regulations provide guidelines to ensure that MLM practices align with Islamic principles.