Seminar Nasional - Hukum dan Pancasila

Kekuatan Pembuktian Saksi Testimonium De Auditu dalam Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

Rani Nur Isnaini — 2024-08-23

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kekuatan pembuktian keterangan saksi yang mengandung testimonium
de auditu. Permasalahan diawali ketika Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Makassar No. 77/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Mks
membebaskan terdakwa yang sebelumnya didakwa dengan delik kekerasan seksual pada anak. Metode
penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan
kasus. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini yakni Kekuatan pembuktian keterangan testimonium de
auditu dalam perkara kekerasan seksual masih belum maksimal diterapkan oleh hakim karena perspektif
hakim masih dalam rezim KUHAP dan ratio decidendi hakim yang membebaskan terdakwa terkait dengan
tindak pidana kekerasan seksual pada anak karena hakim berkeyakinan bahwa kurangnya bukti lain yang
berkaitan yang cukup, sehingga kesaksian korban menjadi berdiri sendiri (unus testis nullus testis)
Kata Kunci : Pembuktian, Saksi, Testimonium De Auditu

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Pengguna Jasa Tukang Cukur Rambut ditinjau Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

Edo Frandico R — 2024-08-23

Pemenuhan hak dari pengguna jasa atas jasa yang diberikan oleh penyedia jasa merupakan keharusan yang wajib diterima menggingat pengguna jasa telah memberikan biaya atau ongkos. Penyedia jasa harus memberikan pelayanan yang sesuai dan tepat kepada pengguna jasa dan harus meminimalisir kelalaian yang dapat memberikan akibat hukum berupa saknsi dan denda. Tidak terpenuhnya prestasi dari pengguna jasa ini merupakan Wanprestasi yang sesuai dengan pasal 1365 KUH Perdata. Ganti kerugian yang dialami konsumen oleh pelaku usaha dapat berupa ganti materi dan pelayanan yang lebih baik mengingat kewajiban pelaku usaha untuk menjamin pemenuhan prestasi kepada konsumennya jadi harus siap apabila prestasinya tidak terpenuhi maka harus berkewajiban memberikan ganti rugi. Penelitian ini mengguakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara mencari dan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder, menemukan prinsip-prinsip hukum yang kemudian dianalisis untuk memberikan jawaban atas isu yang diteliti. Pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban ganti rugi oleh pelaku usaha telah tertuang di dalam Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dengan demikian, prinsip perlindungan konsumen yang mencakup hak untuk mendapatkan kompensasi atas kerugian yang dialami sangat penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan dan keadilan antara konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Regulasi yang jelas dan tegas mengenai hak dan kewajiban dalam hal ini memberikan perlindungan bagi konsumen dan mendorong praktik bisnis yang bertanggung jawab serta memperkuat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap produk dan layanan yang ditawarkan oleh pelaku usaha.

Perlindungan Hukum Atas Data Pribadi dalam Kasus Kebocoran Data Pusat Data Nasional Sementara (PDNS) dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana

Alza Gabriel — 2024-08-23

The data breach at the Temporary National Data Centre (PDNS) in Indonesia highlights significant weaknesses in the national data security system and raises concerns about the legal protection of personal data. Millions of personal records, including sensitive information, were leaked, underscoring the need to review and enhance Indonesia’s legal framework for data protection. Although Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) outlines data management and protection, its implementation is challenged by gaps in the current regulations, insufficient technological infrastructure, and inadequate public and institutional awareness about data protection. The PDNS breach demonstrates that personal data protection in Indonesia is still not fully guaranteed. The law's effectiveness is hindered by a lack of socialization and understanding among law enforcement and the general public. Insufficient investment in advanced technology and the lack of expertise in digital forensics and cybersecurity among law enforcement officers exacerbate the problem. Moreover, stronger collaboration among national and international institutions is essential to address complex and cross-border cyber threats. Enhanced cooperation between the government, private sector, and international organizations is crucial to improve the enforcement of criminal law and effectively protect personal data.

Ratio Legis Pasal Penghinaan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden

Syaifullah Yusuf — 2024-08-23

This research aims to solve the problem of the article on insulting the president and vice president which is considered to limit freedom of speech. This research is a normative legal research using legislative and conceptual approaches. This research explains that the article on insulting the President and Vice President has caused a lot of debate in the community. The article on insulting the President and Vice President in Law Number 1 Year 2023 on the Criminal Code is similar to articles 134, 136, and 137 of the previous Criminal Code. However, according to Constitutional Court Decision No. 013-022/PUU IV/2006, the article has been revoked because it is not in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and creates legal uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of Articles 218 and 220 of Law Number 1 Year 2023 on the Criminal Code following the Constitutional Court Decision No. 013-022/PUU IV/2006 which has been declared null and void. As a country that upholds freedom of speech, the State is obliged to ensure that the Article on insulting the President and Vice President does not violate human rights and freedom of speech, as well as maintaining the principles of justice and transparency in law. therefore, there must be supervision and control for the application of the article on insulting the president and vice president so as not to abuse the article.

Peran Penegak Hukum Dalam Menanggulangi Kejahatan Siber di Era Digital

Varik Farsyak — 2024-08-22

Cybercrime is a form of modern crime that has developed along with the advancement of information technology. This cybercrime is closely related to computers in its application. Cybercrime can disrupt the privacy, integrity and existence of data owned by the community and the state. This article aims to determine the role of law enforcement in overcoming cybercrime in the current digital era. In addition, this article also examines the causes of cybercrime and the types of cybercrime. The research method used is the normative legal method that uses library materials as its sources (books and journals). And through a comparative approach by comparing opinions from journals and books that are the sources. The results of the analysis show that law enforcement has attempted to overcome cybercrime through pre-emptive actions (appeals), preventive actions (prevention), and repressive actions (law enforcement). However, these efforts have not been effective because the cause of cybercrime itself comes from the community's lack of digital literacy and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The state has a role to play in improving digital education and literacy for the community and updating the facilities and infrastructure of law enforcement officers.

Pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan Pemerintah kepada Kaum Rentan penyandang Disabilitas

Keshia Monika Prianto — 2024-08-22

Disability is a limitation of the body or mind (impairment) that causes sufferers to have difficulty or experience limitations in carrying out activities (activity limitation) or interacting with the surrounding environment (participation restrictions). However, people with disabilities also have the same rights as the general public, namely the right to an equal life, the right to respect for integrity, to receive guarantees of survival, to have guarantees from neglect, confinement, confinement, exclusion, and threats. This article was written with the aim of identifying how discrimination against people with disabilities occurs in Indonesia and how society stigmatizes groups with disabilities in Indonesia in the work environment. The research method used by the author is a literature study by collecting secondary data from various sources. The need for the role of the government in fulfilling the rights of people with disabilities in inclusive social development programs, so that they can provide prosperity fairly and evenly to all Indonesian people.

Keywords: disability, discrimination, equality, work environment.

Kekerasan di Desa Wadas oleh Aparat yang Menggunakan Pakaian Sipil

Naufal Rafi Sadad Putra Ramadhan Sadad — 2024-08-22

The conflict between officials and residents of Wadas Village regarding residents’ rejection of andesite mining to build a dam in Wadas Village, Bener District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java, is a reflection of the conflict between the interests of infrastructure development and environmental protection and community rights. Residents rejected the project because they were worried about the negative impact on water sources, agricultural land, livelihoods and the risk of landslides in Wadas Village. On September 16 2021, the National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) received the complaint and carried out direct monitoring in the field, asked for information from various parties, and tried to find a solution that respects human rights. Through direct monitoring and gathering information on 28-29 September 2021, Komnas HAM RI attempted to understand in depth the chronology of the events that occurred and their impact on society. Under the leadership of Commissioner Beka Ulung Hapsara and Human Rights Monitor Dyah Nan, the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission continues to monitor developments in this case and emphasizes the importance of fulfilling citizens’ rights. The Republic of Indonesia’s National Human Rights Commission emphasizes the need to prioritize humanitarian principles and respect human rights in every action and policy made. The role of the Indonesian National Human Rights Commission in resolving this conflict emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance for development and protecting the environment and community rights as the basis for sustainable and just development.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Pelanggaran HAM di Panti Disabilitas

Khoirun Nisa' — 2024-08-22

This research aims to explore the urgency of legal protection for victims of human rights violations in disability orphanages, with a focus on children with disabilities. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with literature study as the main method for collecting secondary data from various sources such as books, scientific journals and related official websites. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman approach, with data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that legal protection for victims of human rights violations in disability orphanages is not only a legal obligation, but also an urgent moral responsibility. Concrete steps are needed such as strengthening regulations, awareness training, involvement of NGOs, and implementation of international conventions to ensure that those who are victims of human rights violations receive proper protection. These efforts not only provide benefits to individual victims, but also strengthen the foundations of humanity and justice in society as a whole. By maintaining and strengthening this legal protection system, we can ensure that every individual, including people with disabilities, has equal access to justice and protection under the law.

Pelanggaran HAM Ditemukan Kerangkeng Manusia Dirumah Bupati Langkat

Trixie Nadya — 2024-08-22

The power or authority that a person has is very important, according to the term human rights. The essence of human rights is an effort to maintain human survival through a balance between private and public interests. Likewise, all people, governments and states are responsible for respecting, protecting and upholding human rights. Today, many cases of human rights violations occur because people do not know the basic values that everyone has, which makes violating the rights of others easy. Caging the wrong people is a form of slavery. This case occurred in Langkat, North Sumatra, and was committed by its regent. The purpose of this article is to identify all the human rights violations committed by the regent of Langkat, all of which are related to human rights violations. This happened at a time when human rights cannot be separated from human life. By using a normative juridical approach, which emphasizes aspects of legal science as the basis of research, this study explains in detail the legal phenomena that are the subject matter. The results show that human rights must be applied in society.

Perlindungan Terhadap Supporter Sepak Bola Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Studi Kasus Tragedi Kanjuruhan

Silva Fransisca Utami — 2024-08-22

This article aims to analyze supporter protection mechanisms from a human rights perspective with a special focus on the incident at the Kanjuruhan stadium, Malang. Factors leading to the tragedy, identifying management and safety errors, and evaluating the long-term impact on the football community and local society. The research method used is quantitative analysis with a case study approach. Data was obtained through literature and journal reviews. The research results showed that there was negligence in implementing security standards, the use of excessive force by security forces, and a lack of quick response in handling emergency situations, which resulted in many fatalities and injuries. From a human rights perspective, this incident represents a violation of the right to life, the right to personal security, and the right to be free from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. From a psychological perspective, many victims and eyewitnesses experienced prolonged trauma. Socially, this incident caused a loss of public trust in the management of football matches and stadium security. This tragedy also triggered a major evaluation and reform in stadium security procedures throughout Indonesia.

Kegagalan Komnas HAM dalam Memperjuangkan Hak Pekerja Difabel

Fareh Prameswari — 2024-08-22

The protection of social welfare guarantees is a constitutional right for every Indonesian citizen, encompassing equality before the law, education, health, and a decent livelihood. Nevertheless, the reality of protection for persons with disabilities often diverges from what is enshrined in the constitution. The most common form of discrimination involves the requirement of being 'physically and mentally healthy' in education and employment, which is generally interpreted as having a complete physical condition. This interpretation deviates from the essence of 'physical and mental health,' which refers to an optimal balance between body and mind. This study examines the discrimination experienced by persons with disabilities, focusing on the case of Wuri Handayani, who was denied the opportunity to take the civil servant test (CPNS) in Surabaya in 2004 due to her disability. This case highlights the government's failure to ensure inclusion and equality for persons with disabilities, revealing the persistent stigma and negative prejudices. The research employs a normative legal method with legislative and conceptual approaches, alongside deductive logical analysis. The findings underscore that the right to work for persons with disabilities is protected by various international and national legal instruments, yet its implementation remains far from optimal. The discrimination faced by Wuri Handayani constitutes a violation of human rights, underscoring the need for stronger commitment from the government and relevant bodies, such as Komnas HAM, to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. Komnas HAM is deemed insufficiently proactive in advocating for the rights of disabled workers and promoting concrete measures to combat workplace discrimination. This study recommends changes in the selection process of Komnas HAM members to enhance the independence and effectiveness of the institution in safeguarding the rights of persons with disabilities.

Pemaksaan Pemakaian Jilbab di SMA Yang Ada di Kabupaten Sragen Jawa Tengah

Dita Nur Mayasari — 2024-08-22

Jilbab is a form of freedom of expression of every human being, which has been included in Human Rights. However, the understanding of human rights in wearing religious attributes or headscarf has decreased in schools, both by students and teachers. This study aims to find out what human rights violations are obtained by students, the code of ethics for teachers, the rights that must be obtained by victims, the responsibility of the state, and the process of resolving cases that occur in students who are victims of forced wearing of headscarves in high schools in Central Java. The research method that we use is qualitative research method by using information from previous research results in the form of journals, articles, and other documents such as Conventions, Government Regulations, and Laws. By obtaining various types of information found, it can then be studied, analyzed, and the final results will be explained and presented descriptively. Meanwhile, for information collection techniques we use library research, with the aim of finding information through documents that can be used to support the research process. This research is intended to find out the cause or reason and the impact arising from the forced wearing of jilbab in the school environment.

14 Siswi di Lamongan di Gunduli oleh Guru karena tak Pakai Ciput

Tenri Nur Reskytaputri — 2024-08-22

Human rights are one of the normative elements that have been possessed by every person since he was born and has also been attached to every human being as his own nature, in essence the application of this concept of human rights is along with the right to equality and the right to freedom between individuals or agencies in their interactions. Human rights or human rights exist without having to be recognized by other people, the community or the country.

The deforestation carried out by the teacher was triggered because the students who were stripped because they did not wear ciput so they were punished by being stripped using a shaver, but there were no regulations on the use of ciput in the school. After the incident occurred, mediation was carried out which was attended by the victim's guardian. The perpetrator, an English teacher, has been withdrawn and coached to the Lamongan education office.

In this research, various data sources were used, including using academic journals, as well as collecting information related to this.

Keywords: Human Rights, Deforestation, Junior High School Students

Abstrak

HAM ialah salah satu unsur normatif yang telah dimiliki oleh setiap orang sejak ia telah dilahirkan dan juga telah melekat pada setiap manusia sebagai kodratnya sendiri, pada hakikatnya penerapan konsep HAM ini bersamaan dengan hak persamaan dan hak kebebasan antar para individu ataupun instansi dalam interaksinya. HAM atau Hak Asasi Manusia ini ada tanpa harus adanya pengakuan dari orang lain, Masyarakat atau pun negaranya.

Penggundulan yang dilakukan oleh guru tersebut dipicu karena siswi-siswi yang digunduli sebab tidak memakai ciput sehingga mereka dihukum dengan cara digunduli menggunakan mesin cukur, tetapi tidak ada peraturan dalam pemakaian ciput di sekolah tersebut. Setelah peristiwa terjadi, dilakukannya mediasi yang dihadiri oleh wali murid korban. Pelaku yakni seorang guru bahasa inggris telah ditarik dan dilakukan pembinaan ke dinas pendidikan Lamongan.

Pada penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai sumber data, termasuk juga menggunakan jurnal akademis, serta mengumpulkan informasi-informasi yang berkaitan dengan hal ini.

Tradisi Kawin Tangkap di Suku Sumba NTT Ditinjau dari Hukum HAM

Selma Lailatul Ulya — 2024-08-22

Banyak adat istiadat yang sudah lama ada dalam budaya Indonesia yang dilestarikan atau diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Pernikahan tawanan dipandang sebagai hal yang lumrah dalam budaya Sumba. Namun dari sudut pandang hak asasi manusia, pelanggaran mungkin saja terjadi. Pernikahan tawanan seperti yang dipraktikkan saat ini sudah ketinggalan zaman dan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai tradisional. Pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap perempuan diabadikan oleh lembaga penjambret pernikahan di Sumba. Pemaksaan dan kekerasan melekat dalam praktik ini, sehingga melanggar hak perempuan untuk bebas dari perlakuan tersebut. Prosedur hukum normatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yang mengkaji isi perpustakaan selain makalah hukum dan undang-undang. Esai ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendekatan perundang-undangan terhadap praktik perkawinan tawanan di Sumba yang didasarkan pada penelitian literatur yang menggunakan metode kasus. Menurut penelitian, pernikahan tahanan di Sumba modern lebih mirip dengan taktik penculikan yang terselubung dalam kepercayaan tradisional dibandingkan dengan praktik pernikahan sitaan. Untuk mencegah perempuan Sumba menjadi korban kawin paksa, pemerintah harus berperan penting dalam sosialisasi dan penegakan hukum.

Kata Kunci: Hak Asasi Manusia, Tradisi Kawin Tangkap, Peran Pemerintah

Diskriminasi Perempuan Disabilitas Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Lampung

Cindi Widya Ningrum — 2024-08-22

People with disabilities are often victims of criminal acts of rape, especially since the perpetrators of these crimes come from the victim's neighborhood. In Central Lampung, a woman with disabilities was raped. Previously, the victim had difficulty communicating, so the panel of judges decided that the victim witness was a person with a disability. The prosecutor asked for a sentence of six years in prison in this case, while the judge only decided on five years in prison. In the end, this research found several reasons why perpetrators rape women with disabilities: People with disabilities are often victims of crime, They tend not to report what they experience; and, They are easily influenced and think they are only being treated fairly, without realizing that they are victims of crime. When examined routinely, law enforcement against criminal acts of rape against women victims with disabilities in Central Lampung shows that the Indonesian law enforcement system is still far from equal values. The judge found the suspect Junaidi guilty of committing the crime of rape and sentenced him to 6 (six) years in prison. It is clear that the judge's decision has violated the values of justice because the victims are people with disabilities. If law enforcement regarding criminal acts of rape involving female victims with disabilities becomes better, then judges can consider the need for disabled people to receive assistance from psychologists, psychiatrists, assistants or institutes for disabled people. Discrimination against women with disabilities also occurs in the resolution of sexual violence cases. The treatment of women usually still experiences a lot of discrimination. Therefore, women with disabilities must feel heavy pressure, especially if they experience sexual violence as well. This treatment sometimes demeans and also treats disabled women as helpless human beings, of course this violates the inherent human rights of disabled women. All rights that are owned should not be violated and in fact other people need to help and participate in not violating that person's rights.

Tanggung Jawab Negara terhadap Korban Tragedi Wasior

Muhammad Fauzan Jadid Baya’syut kurniawan Baya’syut — 2024-08-22

Violence, stupidity, nudity, poverty, backwardness, and alienation will always fixed when talking about Papua. In the village of that place which is more precisely in the province of Papua, which coincides with the Wasior area on the thirteenth day of the sixth month in the year two thousand and one, a member of the government security has committed acts of violence against the surrounding community who are suspected of being members of a special group that is in the area, which later resulted in the killing of several people from government security and also one civilian, namely a logging company employee, which led to a raid. Normative juridical research is a type of research that looks at the rules that are currently in force and tries to make a search to find out what must and needs to be done based on the law. This study describes the norms (standards of law enforcement) and the actions that must be taken to comply with these norms. Normative research also looks at how existing laws can be improved, and often has a practical political dimension. Efforts to resolve human rights violations in Indonesia have not been effective enough, because there are various problems in it. In this case, the authority over Komnas HAM, which is said to be too weak, has resulted in the ineffectiveness of the process in resolving cases of these violations and prosecution as well as settling charges against human rights violations which are considered serious. With this there must be systematic efforts by the state and apparatus to make the land of Papua better condition areas prone to anarchism and separatism. So that the people there feel safe like on the island of Java, so that social jealousy does not arise which will make the people of Papua want to separate themselves from the Republic of Indonesia.

Penolakan Pembangunan Gedung Berlantai Sekolah Milik Gereja Kristus Tuhan

Muhammad Aufar — 2024-08-22

Rejection of the construction of church-owned schools often gives rise to controversies involving various legal, social and religious aspects. This research aims to analyze the legal bases used in this rejection, with a focus on the regulations governing the establishment of educational institutions by religious institutions. In this study, normative juridical methods are used to examine relevant laws and regulations, including regional regulations regarding building permits and school establishment. Research results show that rejection of development is often based on non-compliance with administrative requirements, such as building permits (IMB) and environmental impact analysis (AMDAL). Apart from that, issues of religious discrimination and human rights also often arise in these discussions. Juridical analysis shows that although local governments have the authority to regulate spatial planning and permits, they must ensure that the decisions taken do not violate the principles of non-discrimination and religious freedom guaranteed by the constitution. The conclusion of this research is the need to balance the government's interests in regulating spatial planning with respect for religious and educational rights. The proposed recommendations include increasing transparency and public participation in the licensing process, as well as strengthening oversight mechanisms to prevent abuse of authority.

Hak Akses Informasi bagi Kelompok Rentan: Perlindungan, Tantangan, dan Batasan

Baharuddin Riqiey Riqiey — 2024-08-22

The aim of this research is to determine the protection, challenges and limitations of the right to access information for vulnerable groups in Indonesia. This research is legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The object of this research focuses on vulnerable groups, or specifically children. The instruments used in this research consist of international instruments and national instruments. The results of this research are that the right to access information is one of the rights guaranteed in international and national instruments. The right to access information can be interpreted as the right to seek, obtain, own, store, process and convey information. In accessing information, children are faced with several challenges, namely information that contains fake news, inappropriate advertising, and inappropriate speech and writing on information sites. These challenges can be prevented and overcome by authorized government agencies and by parents as well as by the surrounding environment. The information obtained by children must be appropriate information. Appropriate information must at least contain information that does not contain elements of discrimination, information that is good for the welfare of children, information that ensures the survival and development of children, and information that is in accordance with the values of decency and propriety.